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Linux进程池与线程池以及线程池的简单实现

发布时间:2022-10-27 12:49:40 所属栏目:Linux 来源:
导读:  通过动态创建子进程(或者子线程)来实现并发服务器的。这样做有如下缺点:

  1、 动态创建进程(或线程)是比较耗费时间的,这将导致较慢的客户响应。

  2、动态创建的子进程(或子线程)通常只用来
  通过动态创建子进程(或者子线程)来实现并发服务器的。这样做有如下缺点:
 
  1、 动态创建进程(或线程)是比较耗费时间的,这将导致较慢的客户响应。
 
  2、动态创建的子进程(或子线程)通常只用来为一个客户服务(除非我们做特殊处理),这将导致系统上产生大量的细微进程(或者线程)。进程(或者线程)间的切换消费大量CPU时间。
 
  3、动态创建的子进程是当前进程的完整映像。当前进程必须谨慎地管理其分配的文件描述符和堆内存等系统资源,从而使系统的可用资源急剧下降线程池linux,进而影响服务器的性能。
 
  4、由于系统的资源有限,能够创建的子进程(或线程)的数量有限,所以响应客户端请求的数量有上限。
 
  #include
  #include
  #include
  #include
  #include
  #include
  /*
  *线程池里所有运行和等待的任务都是一个CThread_worker
  *由于所有任务都在链表里,所以是一个链表结构
  */
  typedef struct worker
  {
      /*回调函数,任务运行时会调用此函数,注意也可声明成其它形式*/
      void *(*process) (void *arg);
      void *arg;/*回调函数的参数*/
      struct worker *next;
  } CThread_worker;
  /*线程池结构*/
  typedef struct
  {
      pthread_mutex_t queue_lock;
      pthread_cond_t queue_ready;
      /*链表结构,线程池中所有等待任务*/
      CThread_worker *queue_head;
      /*是否销毁线程池*/
      int shutdown;
      pthread_t *threadid;
      /*线程池中允许的活动线程数目*/
      int max_thread_num;
      /*当前等待队列的任务数目*/
      int cur_queue_size;
  } CThread_pool;
  int pool_add_worker (void *(*process) (void *arg), void *arg);
  void *thread_routine (void *arg);
  static CThread_pool *pool = NULL;
  void pool_init (int max_thread_num)
  {
      pool = (CThread_pool *) malloc (sizeof (CThread_pool));
      pthread_mutex_init (&(pool->queue_lock), NULL);
      pthread_cond_init (&(pool->queue_ready), NULL);
      pool->queue_head = NULL;
      pool->max_thread_num = max_thread_num;
      pool->cur_queue_size = 0;
      pool->shutdown = 0;
      pool->threadid =
          (pthread_t *) malloc (max_thread_num * sizeof (pthread_t));
      int i = 0;
      for (i = 0; i < max_thread_num; i++)
      {
          pthread_create (&(pool->threadid[i]), NULL, thread_routine,
                  NULL);
      }
  }
  /*向线程池中加入任务*/
 
  int pool_add_worker (void *(*process) (void *arg), void *arg)
  {
      /*构造一个新任务*/
      CThread_worker *newworker =
          (CThread_worker *) malloc (sizeof (CThread_worker));
      newworker->process = process;
      newworker->arg = arg;
      newworker->next = NULL;/*别忘置空*/
      pthread_mutex_lock (&(pool->queue_lock));
      /*将任务加入到等待队列中*/
      CThread_worker *member = pool->queue_head;
      if (member != NULL)
      {
          while (member->next != NULL)
              member = member->next;
          member->next = newworker;
      }
      else
      {
          pool->queue_head = newworker;
      }
      assert (pool->queue_head != NULL);
      pool->cur_queue_size++;
      pthread_mutex_unlock (&(pool->queue_lock));
      /*好了,等待队列中有任务了,唤醒一个等待线程;
      注意如果所有线程都在忙碌,这句没有任何作用*/
      pthread_cond_signal (&(pool->queue_ready));
      return 0;
  }
  /*销毁线程池,等待队列中的任务不会再被执行,但是正在运行的线程会一直
  把任务运行完后再退出*/
  int pool_destroy ()
  {
      if (pool->shutdown)
          return -1;/*防止两次调用*/
      pool->shutdown = 1;
      /*唤醒所有等待线程,线程池要销毁了*/
      pthread_cond_broadcast (&(pool->queue_ready));
      /*阻塞等待线程退出,否则就成僵尸了*/
      int i;
      for (i = 0; i < pool->max_thread_num; i++)
          pthread_join (pool->threadid[i], NULL);
      free (pool->threadid);
      /*销毁等待队列*/
      CThread_worker *head = NULL;
      while (pool->queue_head != NULL)
      {
          head = pool->queue_head;
          pool->queue_head = pool->queue_head->next;
          free (head);
      }
      /*条件变量和互斥量也别忘了销毁*/
      pthread_mutex_destroy(&(pool->queue_lock));
      pthread_cond_destroy(&(pool->queue_ready));
      free (pool);
      /*销毁后指针置空是个好习惯*/
      pool=NULL;
      return 0;
  }
  void* thread_routine (void *arg)
  {
 
      printf ("starting thread 0x%x/n", pthread_self ());
      while (1)
      {
          pthread_mutex_lock (&(pool->queue_lock));
          /*如果等待队列为0并且不销毁线程池,则处于阻塞状态; 注意
          pthread_cond_wait是一个原子操作,等待前会解锁,唤醒后会加锁*/
          while (pool->cur_queue_size == 0 && !pool->shutdown)
          {
              printf ("thread 0x%x is waiting/n", pthread_self ());
              pthread_cond_wait (&(pool->queue_ready), &(pool->queue_lock));
          }
          /*线程池要销毁了*/
          if (pool->shutdown)
          {
              /*遇到break,continue,return等跳转语句,千万不要忘记先解锁*/
              pthread_mutex_unlock (&(pool->queue_lock));
              printf ("thread 0x%x will exit/n", pthread_self ());
              pthread_exit (NULL);
          }
          printf ("thread 0x%x is starting to work/n", pthread_self ());
          /*assert是调试的好帮手*/
          assert (pool->cur_queue_size != 0);
          assert (pool->queue_head != NULL);
          /*等待队列长度减去1,并取出链表中的头元素*/
          pool->cur_queue_size--;
          CThread_worker *worker = pool->queue_head;
          pool->queue_head = worker->next;
          pthread_mutex_unlock (&(pool->queue_lock));
          /*调用回调函数,执行任务*/
          (*(worker->process)) (worker->arg);
          free (worker);
          worker = NULL;
      }
      /*这一句应该是不可达的*/
      pthread_exit (NULL);
  }
  void* myprocess (void *arg)
  {
      printf ("threadid is 0x%x, working on task %d/n", pthread_self (),*(int *) arg);
      sleep (1);/*休息一秒,延长任务的执行时间*/
      return NULL;
  }
  int main ()
  {
      pool_init (3);/*线程池中最多三个活动线程*/
      /*连续向池中投入10个任务*/
      int *workingnum = (int *) malloc (sizeof (int) * 10);
      int i;
      for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
      {
          workingnum[i] = i;
          pool_add_worker (myprocess, &workingnum[i]);
      }
      /*等待所有任务完成*/
      sleep (5);
      /*销毁线程池*/
      pool_destroy ();
      free (workingnum);
      return 0;
  }
 

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